Toothaches, broken crowns, or sudden swelling can happen anytime — but how do you know when it’s a true dental emergency? Acting quickly can make all the difference between saving or losing a tooth.

Here’s how to recognise urgent dental problems, what to do before you reach the clinic, and when to see a dentist immediately.

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1. Severe Toothache or Sudden Pain

A mild toothache might wait for a regular appointment — but severe, persistent, or throbbing pain is a red flag. This kind of pain often signals:

• An infection or abscess

• Deep decay reaching the nerve

• A cracked or damaged tooth

If pain keeps you awake, radiates to the jaw or ear, or comes with swelling, it’s time to see an emergency dentist right away. Delaying could allow the infection to spread, making treatment more complex (and more painful).

Quick tip: Rinse gently with warm salt water and avoid applying heat or aspirin directly to the gum.

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2. Knocked-Out or Broken Tooth

A knocked-out tooth (avulsed tooth) is one of the most time-sensitive dental emergencies. Acting fast — ideally within 30–60 minutes  can mean the difference between saving and losing your tooth.

 Pick up the tooth by the crown (not the root).
 Gently rinse with milk or saline if dirty — don’t scrub it.
Try to place it back in the socket or keep it in milk.
Get to a dentist immediately.

Even if a tooth is chipped or cracked, don’t ignore it. Sharp edges can damage surrounding tissue, and the inner structure might be exposed to infection.

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3. Swelling, Abscess, or Gum Infection

If you notice swelling in your mouth, face, or jaw, it’s a sign of a serious infection that requires immediate dental or medical attention.

A dental abscess (a pocket of pus caused by infection) can lead to:

• Intense, throbbing pain

• Swollen gums or jaw

• Fever or general unwell feeling

• A bad taste or pus discharge in the mouth

Left untreated, infections can spread to other parts of the body, posing significant health risks. See a dentist or emergency clinic right away — and if breathing or swallowing is affected, go to A&E immediately.

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4. Lost Filling, Crown, or Dental Restoration

A lost filling or crown might not seem urgent, but it can quickly escalate. Without protection, the exposed tooth becomes sensitive and vulnerable to decay or fracture.

If this happens:

• Avoid chewing on that side.

• Keep the area clean and free from debris.

• Temporary dental cement (available at most pharmacies) can protect the tooth until your appointment.

Book an emergency dental visit as soon as possible to restore the tooth and prevent further damage.

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5. Bleeding or Trauma After an Accident

If you’ve had a blow to the face or jaw and notice bleeding, loose teeth, or pain when biting, don’t wait. Even if your teeth look intact, underlying damage may exist in the roots or jawbone.

Visit a dentist or emergency clinic right away if you experience:

• Heavy or persistent bleeding

• Visible tooth movement or displacement

• Soft tissue injury (cheeks, gums, lips)

Prompt treatment can prevent complications and preserve both teeth and tissue.