Tooth discomfort can be worrying — especially when you’re not sure whether it’s caused by tooth sensitivity or a crack in the tooth. While both can cause sharp pain, temperature sensitivity, or discomfort when chewing, the causes — and treatments — are very different.
Knowing how to tell the difference early can prevent long-term damage, infection, and costly dental work. Below, we’ll explore how to identify the signs, what each condition means, and when to see your dentist.
Understanding Tooth Sensitivity
Tooth sensitivity (also known as dentin hypersensitivity) happens when the protective enamel layer on your teeth becomes thin or when your gum line recedes, exposing the underlying dentin. Dentin contains microscopic tubules that lead directly to your tooth’s nerve — meaning that hot, cold, or sweet foods can trigger sharp pain.
Common Causes of Tooth Sensitivity:
-
Enamel wear from aggressive brushing or acidic foods
-
Gum recession due to age or gum disease
-
Teeth grinding (bruxism) during sleep
-
Whitening treatments or acidic dental products
-
Cavities or worn fillings exposing dentin
Symptoms:
Short, sharp pain when eating hot, cold, or sweet foods
Pain that fades quickly once the trigger is removed
General discomfort in multiple teeth rather than one specific spot
Treatment Options:
-
Switch to a sensitive-teeth toothpaste (like Sensodyne or Colgate Sensitive Pro-Relief)
-
Use a soft-bristled toothbrush to protect enamel
-
Avoid acidic foods and drinks
-
Ask your dentist about fluoride varnish or desensitising treatments
Pro Tip: If your pain is fleeting and affects several teeth, it’s likely sensitivity rather than a crack.
What Is a Cracked Tooth?
A cracked tooth occurs when a fracture develops within the enamel or deeper layers of the tooth. Cracks can be caused by biting hard foods, accidents, grinding, or old fillings weakening the structure.
Cracks vary in severity — from small craze lines (minor surface cracks) to vertical fractures that reach the tooth’s root.
Common Causes of a Cracked Tooth:
-
Biting down on hard foods (like ice, nuts, or hard sweets)
-
Sudden temperature changes in the mouth (hot drink followed by cold water)
-
Trauma or injury to the face
-
Clenching or grinding teeth
-
Large, old fillings that weaken the enamel
Symptoms:
Sharp pain when biting or chewing, especially when releasing pressure
Pain localised to one specific tooth
Discomfort that comes and goes without a clear pattern
Sensitivity to temperature changes that lasts longer than with general sensitivity
In severe cases, swelling or infection around the tooth
Treatment Options:
-
Dental bonding or crown: to seal minor cracks
-
Root canal treatment: if the crack reaches the pulp
-
Tooth extraction: in cases where the tooth is fractured beyond repair
Pro Tip: If your pain is triggered by chewing or pressure and is focused on one tooth, you’re likely dealing with a crack — not simple sensitivity.
How to Tell the Difference Between a Cracked Tooth and a Sensitive Tooth
While both conditions share similar symptoms, the nature, duration, and trigger of pain can help you distinguish between them.
| Symptom | Sensitive Tooth | Cracked Tooth |
|---|---|---|
| Pain Trigger | Hot, cold, or sweet foods | Biting or chewing pressure |
| Pain Duration | Short and sharp, fades quickly | Sharp and sudden, may linger |
| Pain Location | Multiple teeth or areas | One specific tooth |
| Visible Damage | None; enamel may look normal | Crack may be visible or felt |
| Other Signs | No swelling | May cause swelling or infection if untreated |
Rule of Thumb:
If pain is quick and triggered by temperature, it’s likely sensitivity. If it’s sharp when chewing or biting down, it’s likely a crack.
When to See Your Dentist
No matter the cause, persistent tooth pain should never be ignored. A dentist can use diagnostic tools such as dye tests, X-rays, or transillumination to detect hidden cracks and assess enamel erosion.
Seek professional help if:
-
Pain lasts more than a few days
-
You notice visible cracks or chips
-
Chewing becomes painful or difficult
-
There’s swelling or sensitivity around one specific tooth
Early treatment can prevent the need for root canal therapy or tooth extraction. In some cases, addressing mild sensitivityearly can stop it from progressing to more severe enamel damage.
Pro Tip: Schedule regular dental check-ups every 6 months and wear a mouthguard at night if you grind your teeth. Prevention is the best cure for both cracks and sensitivity.
